A Conceptual History of Psychology

Authors: Greenwood, John
Division: Higher Education
ISBN-13: 978-0-07-285862-4
ISBN-10: 0072858621
©2009 | 1st Edition | 720 pages , Hardcover
Status: Active, In Print
Price: US$ 154.38

Online Learning Centre: http://www.mhhe.com/greenwood1e

Description | Features | Contents |

Description:

A Conceptual History of Psychology is a broad historical survey that traces conceptual continuities and discontinuities in the history of psychological thought. The author connects the history of psychological theory with the development of the history of science, from the proto-scientific psychology of the 17th and 18th centuries to the institutionalized scientific psychology of the late 19th century to the present day. The lucid writing style and clear organization reflect the author's fifteen years' experience teaching the course.

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New Features:

  • Balances the broader concepts of historical trends with fascinating details of the lives of some major figures in psychological history.
  • Chapters end with helpful Discussion Questions and a comprehensive Glossary of Terms.
  • Central theme of continuity and discontinuity
  • To purchase an electronic eBook version of this title, visit www.CourseSmart.com (ISBN 9780077283162) .

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Table of Contents:

CHAPTER I: HISTORY, SCIENCE AND PSYCHOLOGY

HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY

WHY STUDY THE HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY?

Internal and External History
Zeitgeist and Great Man History
Presentist and Contextualist History
Conceptual History of Psychology

SCIENCE AND PSYCHOLOGY

Objectivity
Causal Explanation
Empirical Evaluation
Atomism
Universality of Causal Explanation
Ontological Invariance
Explanatory Reduction
Determinism
Experimentation
Empiricism
Scientific Method

PHILOSOPHY AND PSYCHOLOGY

Discussion Questions; Glossary: References

CHAPTER 2: ANCIENT GREEK SCIENCE AND PSYCHOLOGY

GREEK SCIENCE

THE NATURALISTS

Thales
Anaximenes
Heraclitus
Empedocles
The Atomists: Leucippus and Democritus

THE FORMALISTS

Parmenides
Zeno
Pythagoras

THE PHYSICIANS

Acmaeon
Hippocrates

THE PHILOSOPHERS

Socrates
Plato

ARISTOTLE: THE SCIENCE OF THE PSYCHE

Theoretical Science
Causality and Teleology
Aristotle?s Psychology
Materialism and Psychological Explanation
Sensation, Perception and Cognition
Active and Passive Reason
Psychology and Teleology
Functionalism
Consciousness and Vitality

THE ARISTOTELIAN LEGACY

Discussion Questions; Glossary; References

CHAPTER 3: ROME AND THE MEDIEVAL PERIOD

THE ROMAN AGE

The Hellenistic Period
Alexandrian Science
Rome and Science
Neoplatonism
The Decline of the Roman Empire
The Fall of the Roman Empire

MEDIEVAL PSYCHOLOGY

Islam
European Recovery: Reason and Faith
The Christian Church and Aristotelian Philosophy
Medieval Christianity and Science
Empiriks
Anticipations

THE END OF THE MEDIEVAL PERIOD

Discussion Questions; Glossary; References

CHAPTER 4: THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

RENAISSANCE AND REFORMATION

Reformation

THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

The Copernican Revolution
Galileo and the New Science
Andreas Vesalius and the Scientific Revolution in Medicine
Francis Bacon and the Inductive Method
The Newtonian Synthesis

MAN THE MACHINE

Ren? Descartes: Mind and Mechanism
La Mettrie: Machine Man
Thomas Hobbes: Empiricism, Materialism and Individualism

MENTAL MECHANISM AND STIMULUS-RESPONSE PSYCHOLOGY

Discussion Questions; Glossary; References

CHAPTER 5: THE NEWTONIAN PSYCHOLOGISTS

THE NEWTONIAN PSYCHOLOGISTS

Newtonian Science
John Locke: The Underlaborer for Newtonian Science
George Berkeley: Idealism
David Hume: Mental Mechanism
David Hartley: The Neurology of Association
Sensationalists and Ideologues in France

CRITICAL RESPONSES TO NEWTONIAN PSYCHOLOGY

Realism and Common Sense
Rationalist Reaction
Something Completely Different
Romanticism

TOWARDS A SCIENCE OF PSYCHOLOGY

Discussion Questions; Glossary; References

CHAPTER 6: PHYSIOLOGY AND PSYCHOLOGY

POSITIVISM

ASSOCIATIONIST PSYCHOLOGY

James Mill: Points of Consciousness
John Stuart Mill: Mental Chemistry and Unconscious Inference
Alexander Bain: Psychology and Physiology

CEREBRAL LOCALIZATION

Franz Joseph Gall: Phrenology
Pierre Flourens: Experimental Physiology
Francoise Magendie: The Bell-Magendie Law
Paul Broca: Aphasia
Gustav Fritsch and Edward Hitzig: The Excitability of the Cerebral Cortex
The Sensory-Motor Theory of the Nervous System

EXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY IN GERMANY

Johannes Muller: Experimental Physiology
Emil Du Bois-Reymond: Electrophysiology
Hermann von Helmholtz: Physiological Psychology
Ivan Sechenov: Inhibition
Gustaf Fechner: Psychophysics

PHYSIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY AND OBJECTIVE PSYCHOLOGY

Discussion Questions; Glossary; References

CHAPTER 7: THEORIES OF EVOLUTION

EARLY EVOLUTIONARY THEORIES

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck: The Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics

HERBERT SPENCER: EVOLUTION AS A COSMIC PRINCIPLE

Spencer's Theory of Evolution
Social Darwinism
Evolutionary Psychology
Spencer's Impact

CHARLES DARWIN: EVOLUTION BY NATURAL SELECTION

The Voyage of the Beagle
The Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection
Darwin's Delay
The Reception of Darwin's Theory
The Descent of Man
Darwin, Racism, and Sexism
Neo-Darwinism
Darwin's Influence on Psychology

FRANCIS GALTON: INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES AND EUGENICS

Individual Differences
Nature and Nurture
Eugenics

MENTAL EVOLUTION AND COMPARATIVE PSYCHOLOGY

Spalding on Instinct
George John Romanes: Animal Intelligence
Conwy Lloyd Morgan: Morgan's Canon and Emergent Evolution

STIMULUS-RESPONSE PSYCHOLOGY

Discussion Questions; Glossary; References

CHAPTER 8: PSYCHOLOGY IN GERMANY

PSYCHOLOGY IN GERMANY BEFORE WUNDT

Johann Friedrich Herbart: Dynamic Psychology

WILHELM WUNDT: PHYSIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY

The Leipzig Laboratory
Physiological Psychology
Experimental Methods
Wundt's Psychology
V?lkerpsychologie
Wundt's Legacy
Wundt's American Students

GERMAN PSYCHOLOGY BEYOND LEIPZIG

Hermann Ebbinghaus: On Memory
George Elias Muller: The Experimentalist
Franz Brentano: Intentionality
Carl Stumpf: The Berlin Institute of Experimental Psychology
Oswald K?lpe: The W?rzburg School
Gestalt Psychology

APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY IN GERMANY

Discussion Questions; Glossary; References

CHAPTER 9: PSYCHOLOGY IN AMERICA: THE EARLY YEARS

PSYCHOLOGY AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY

The Success of Psychology
Philosophy and Psychology
Applied Psychology

JAMES AND M?NSTERBURG AT HARVARD

William James
Hugo M?nsterberg

LADD AND SCRIPTURE AT YALE

HALL AT JOHNS HOPKINS AND CLARK

Johns Hopkins and the New Psychology
Clark and Genetic Psychology
The American Psychological Association
Adolescence and Sex
Old Age

APPLYING THE WUNDTIAN SKELETON: CATTELL, WITMER, SCOTT AND WOLF

James McKeen Cattell: Mental Testing
Lightner Witmer: Clinical Psychology
Walter Dill Scott: Industrial Psychology
Harry Kirk Wolfe: Scientific Pedagogy

EDWARD B. TITCHENER AND STRUCTURAL PSYCHOLOGY

Structural Psychology
Inspection and Introspection
V?lkerpsychologie and Applied Psychology
The Experimentalists
Imageless Thought
The Eclipse of Structural Psychology

SCIENTIFIC AND APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY

Discussion Questions; Glossary; References

CHAPTER 10: FUNCTIONALISM, BEHAVIORISM AND MENTAL TESTING

THE TURN TO APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY

FUNCTIONAL PSYCHOLOGY

Baldwin and Titchener on Reaction-Time
John Dewey: Purpose and Adaptation
James Rowland Angell: The Province of Functional Psychology
Social Engineering

BEHAVIORISM

Background to Behaviorism
Animal Psychology
Edward B. Thorndike: The Law of Effect
Ivan Pavlov: Classical Conditioning
John B. Watson: Psychology as The Behaviorist Views It

MENTAL TESTING, IMMIGRATION, AND STERILIZATION

The Binet-Simon Intelligence Test
Goddard And The Feebleminded
The First World War and the Army Testing Project
Immigration and Sterilization

THE STATUS OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY

Discussion Questions; Glossary; References

CHAPTER 11: NEOBEHAVIORISM, RADICAL BEHAVIORISM, AND THE PROBLEMS OF BEHAVIORISM

NEOBEHAVIORISM

Logical Positivism
Operationism
Edward C. Tolman: Purposive Behaviorism
Clark L. Hull: A Newtonian Behavioral System

RADICAL BEHAVIORISM

Operant Conditioning
Explanatory Fictions
Radical Behaviorism

THE SECOND WORLD WAR AND THE PROFESSIONALIZATION OF ACADEMIC PSYCHOLOGY

Psychological Contributions to the War Effort
The Reorganization of the APA
Post-War Expansion

PROBLEMS OF BEHAVIORISM

Chomsky?s Critique of Skinner
The Misbehavior of Organisms
Contiguity and Frequency
Consciousness and Conditioning
The Neurophysiology of Learning

THE EVE OF THE COGNITIVE REVOLUTION

Discussion Questions; Glossary; References

CHAPTER 12: THE COGNITIVE REVOLUTION

INFORMATION THEORY

Claude Shannon: Communication Theory
Norbert Wiener: Cybernetics
Donald Broadbent: Information Processing
Computers and Cognition

COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY

Jerome Bruner: Higher Mental Processes
George Miller: Cognitive Science
Strategies, Programs, and Plans
Ulric Neisser: Cognitive Psychology
The Cognitive Revolution

THE COGNITIVE REVOLUTION

The Cognitive Revolution as ?Paradigm-Shift?
From Intervening Variables to Cognitive Hypothetical Constructs

COGNITION AND BEHAVIOR

Structuralism and Anthropomorphism
The Cognitive Tradition
Criticism and Connectionism

THE SECOND CENTURY

Discussion Questions; Glossary; References

CHAPTER 13: ABNORMAL AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY

NEUROSES, ALIENISTS AND PSYCHIATRY

THE REFORM OF ASYLUMS

MAGNETISM, MESMERISM AND HYPNOSIS

FREUD AND PSYCHOANALYSIS

Studies on Hysteria
Psychosexual Development
The Reception of Freud's Theory
The Scientific Status of Freud's Theory

SCIENTIFIC PSYCHOLOGY AND ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY

ECT, LOBOTOMY AND PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY

Psychoactive Drugs and Institutional Care
The Myth of Mental Illness

POST-WAR CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY

Clinical Training

HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY

INTO THE 21ST CENTURY

Discussion Questions; Glossary; References

CHAPTER 14: SOCIAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY

SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

Early German and American Social Psychology
Individualistic Social Psychology
Social Psychology in the Post-War Period

DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY

Scientific Psychology and Developmental Psychology
Cognitive Development

Discussion Questions; Glossary; References

EPILOGUE: THE PAST AND FUTURE OF SCIENTIFIC PSYCHOLOGY

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